uncertain loan-object or nominal borrowing (bandum/bandon, punga/poungion, phlaskion) 4. nominal borrowings (framea, *fulcum/phoulkon) 3. borrowed names for borrowed things (tufa/toupha,-ion, carrago, armilaus(i)a/armilausion) 2. Specimens are categorised according to the dynamics of loanword traffic: 1. Most of the linguistic borrowings examined occurred originally in Vulgar Latin, or specifically its lexical subset “sermo castrensis”, the sociolect of Roman soldiers, but they are often documented primarily or solely as transliterations or secondary loans into Greek. While loanwords have long been recognised as a fertile source of cultural information, the purpose here is to chart the linguistic impact of Germani within one particular Roman institution. This paper examines the number, sources, etymology and chronology of Germanic loanwords in Roman military vocabulary with a view to establishing what these lexical influences can reveal about intercultural contact in this sphere during Late Antiquity.
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